Influence of CNC machining process based on CNC tool selection

CNC technology mainly uses computers to realize automatic control of machine tools, which can ensure the efficiency and accuracy of machining with a high level of automation.

CNC machining process in the tool is an important part, directly related to the final processing efficiency and quality.

Therefore, we need to analyze the characteristics and performance of different CNC tools, according to the material of the workpiece, shape, size, and other factors, to choose the right type of tool.

Ensure that the rationality and scientific nature of tool selection have been improved to promote the effect of CNC machining.

Basic concepts and classification of CNC tools

Definition of CNC tools

CNC tools are mainly used in CNC machine tools and play a role in cutting and processing. All CNC machine tools belong to one of the core components of the machine tool, machining efficiency, quality, cost, etc., which have a great impact.

CNC tools can be programmed according to the requirements of the cutting edge to realize automatic replacement, to ensure the precision of cutting processing, and can be high-speed and continuous.

Composition and Characteristics of CNC Tools

The components of CNC tools usually include the tool body, inserts or tool blades, shanks and tool holders.

First, the tool body.

As the main part of the CNC tool, it can carry out the installation of the blade, tool head, etc. on the tool body;

Second, the blade or tool piece.

Secondly, the blade or tool insert is mainly used in the cutting process, and the final effect is affected by its shape, size and material;

Thirdly, the tool shank.

Third, the tool shank is the connection between the machine spindle and the tool body, which can effectively transfer the cutting force;

Fourth, the tool holder.

Mainly on the shank plays a fixed role, so that the tool processing link can remain stable.

CNC tool features include the following aspects:

First, high precision.

First, high precision. Compared with traditional tools, the advantages of CNC tools are reflected in the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface roughness and other indicators, which can support the needs of high-precision CNC machining;

Second, long life.

Second, long life. CNC tools are mainly made of high-quality materials, in terms of durability and life, compared with traditional tools to achieve a substantial increase.

Third, high cutting efficiency.

Third, high cutting efficiency. CNC tools have a greater advantage in cutting speed, which can ensure that the cutting process is continuous and high-speed, to ensure the high efficiency of the processing;

Fourth, a high level of automation.

CNC tools can be programmed according to the cutting edge’s requirements for replacement, eliminating manual operation and reducing production costs and labor intensity.

Classification and application scope of CNC tools

CNC tools, because of their different structural forms and functions, mainly include the following types:

First, the overall CNC tool.

First, the integral CNC tool. This tool will be designed into one tool body and tool head, in milling, drilling and turning and other processing links are more applications;

Second, a modular CNC tool.

This is a kind of cutter body and inserts, tool head for the split tool, according to the actual CNC machining needs, support for the insert and tool head replacement at any time, in many processing occasions can play a larger role;

Third, a composite CNC tool.

Mainly in the same tool body with several functions of the tool head or tool installation, to ensure that a one-time completion of some machining procedures, to ensure the high efficiency of CNC machining;

Fourth, special-purpose CNC tools.

According to specific processing needs for special tool design, common thread milling cutter, gear milling cutter, mold milling cutter and so on.

These tools guarantee processing accuracy and efficiency and meet the needs of specific areas of precision machining.

CNC tool selection principles and methods

CNC tool selection principles

First, combined with the nature of the processing material and cutting performance tool selection, part of the material hardness is very high, so the choice of tools should have good wear resistance.

Part of the material toughness is huge, the tool should have a substantial impact resistance.

Second, combined with the processing parts’ geometry and size of the tool selection.

Consider the round nose knife, flat bottom knife, etc., for plane machining; for the curved surface machining process, consider the ball head knife or taper knife.

Third, combined with the machining accuracy requirements for tool selection, in the high-precision machining process, the tool’s wear can not be too large, and the precision should be higher. The tool selection should ensure cutting speed and durability in the roughing process.

Fourth, the processing cutting conditions should be combined with tool selection. The tool’s thermal deformation can not be too large in the high-speed cutting process, and heat dissipation performance should be good. In low-speed cutting, the tool’s vibration should be small, and the rigidity should be up to standard.

CNC tool selection methods

First, the processing material properties and cutting conditions are determined, according to the relevant tool manual, and then the tool type and specifications are determined.

Second, the machining parts’ geometrical shape and size are calculated, along with the cutting force, cutting speed, feed, and other parameters, to determine the tool parameters.

Third, determine the tool material and coating based on the machining precision requirements to ensure strong wear and corrosion resistance.

Fourth, from the cutting conditions of processing, reasonable determination of tool cooling, lubrication, and other methods, so that the stability of cutting and processing quality can be improved.

Influencing factors of CNC tool selection

First, the nature of the processing material has a greater impact, mainly on the hardness, toughness, plasticity, and thermal conductivity indicators, tool wear, and cutting performance.

Second, the processing part geometry and size. These differences in the tool’s requirements must be targeted to determine the tool’s type and specifications.

Third, the machining accuracy requirements. To improve the accuracy of CNC machining, the tool wear used can not be too large; the accuracy should be guaranteed. Fast cutting speed and high tool durability are recommended in the roughing segment.

Fourth, cutting conditions. Mainly related to cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut, the above parameters will have a direct impact on tool wear and cutting performance.

Fifth, tool materials and coatings. Its wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and other characteristics should be combined with a reasonable selection of processing requirements.

CNC tool selection on the impact of CNC machining process analysis

Impact on machining accuracy

The selection of CNC tools will directly affect the precision, efficiency, and cost of CNC machining.

CNC tool types are not the same. Cutting speed and precision are very different. Reasonable tool selection is conducive to promoting machining accuracy.

For the coated knife, a layer of special materials coated on the tool to ensure that the knife has a strong wear resistance, corrosion resistance and cutting performance.

A coated knife in high-speed cutting and dry cutting, when applied more, reduces tool wear simultaneously, effectively ensuring the accuracy of CNC machining.

Ultra-fine particle carbide cutting tools, mainly manufactured from ultra-fine particle carbide materials, have more obvious advantages in hardness and wear resistance. They are often used in high-speed cutting, for hard materials, and in other processing.

There are also corresponding characteristics and a scope of application for ceramic and diamond tools.

Selection of CNC tools, the primary focus on the following points:

① nature of the material to be processed.

Part of the material hardness is very high, the choice of coated tools, ultra-fine particles of cemented carbide tools, and some of the material has good toughness, which requires the need to use ceramic tools, diamond tools, etc.;

② processing requirements.

Parts processing often requires very high precision and should be coated with ultra-fine carbide particles and high precision grade tools. High-speed cutting tools are considered to improve machining efficiency.

③ The degree of tool wear.

There will be abrasion in the tool wear, and if the degree of wear is large, it will not guarantee the accuracy of CNC machining. It is necessary to check the tool in time, there is of large wear of the tool should be replaced as soon as possible, so that the machining to meet the accuracy requirements;

④ Tool cost.

The cost of the tool must not be too large to achieve the processing requirements based on the selection, which will better control production costs.

Impact on processing efficiency

CNC tool selection will also affect processing efficiency. To enhance the efficiency of CNC machining, high-speed cutting methods are needed, and the tool used must be high-performance.

The selection of a strong impact-resistant, wear-resistant tool can effectively reduce the number of tool changes and ensure the high efficiency of processing.

At the same time, the tool’s cutting speed, feed rate, and other parameters should be determined to improve processing efficiency.

First, tool wear resistance.

High-speed cutting will form a large amount of heat and friction, if the tool wear resistance is not good, it will cause the tool to wear too fast, can not guarantee the processing quality and efficiency.

For the selection of tools, should be high wear-resistant materials, common carbide, ceramics and so on.

The above materials can withstand the formation of high pressure and high temperature in the process of high-speed cutting, but also conducive to promote the extension of tool life;

Second, the impact resistance of the tool.

The cutting force affects high-speed cutting, requiring the tool to make a strong impact. If the tool’s impact resistance is insufficient, it will cause damage, fracture, and so on.

You can consider high-speed steel, carbide and other materials with high strength and good toughness, to effectively resist the impact force and improve the stability and reliability of the tool;

Third, the cutting parameters of the tool.

Cutting speed greatly impacts machining efficiency, and the ratio between machining efficiency and cutting speed is proportional to the cutting speed. Of course, the cutting speed can not be too high; otherwise, it will cause the tool to overheat, increasing the degree of wear.

For the determination of cutting speed, take into account the actual processing materials, workpiece requirements and other circumstances;

Fourth, the feed rate.

With the increase in feed speed, processing efficiency is also higher, of course, the feed speed can not exceed a certain range, otherwise it will cause premature tool wear, and ultimately affect the processing quality.

For the determination of the feed rate, but also to consider the actual processing of materials, workpiece requirements and other circumstances.

Impact on processing costs

In the CNC machining process, its cost will also be affected by the selection of CNC tools.

Many of the better-performing CNC tools, which are often very expensive, will lead to increased processing costs.

If the selection of CNC tools is not appropriate, there will be waste in the CNC machining process. The common cutting force is too large, causing the workpiece deformation, tool wear too fast, and other issues, but the processing cost increases also cause these issues.

For the selection of CNC tools, not only to focus on processing efficiency and quality, but also to take effective measures to reduce the cost of tools.

We must fully understand the characteristics and applicability of various types of CNC tools to reduce the impact of tool selection on processing costs.

Among them, a high-speed steel cutter is mainly used in low-speed cutting and finishing, a carbide cutter is mainly used in high-speed cutting and rough machining, and a ceramic cutter is mainly used in high-speed cutting and ultra-fine machining.

Not only that, the selection of CNC cutting tools should also consider the workpiece material; if the workpiece material is very hard, the tool material used should have good wear resistance.

In the CNC tool selection process, cost-effectiveness is an important consideration. For a variety of brands and models of CNC tools, the price difference is very large.

The products used need to be highly cost-effective to meet the requirements of CNC machining, and favorable prices must be obtained through negotiations with suppliers, participation in group purchases, and other means.

CNC tool use should also include timely maintenance and regular inspection of tool wear conditions. Inserts, shanks, and other serious wear should be replaced as soon as possible.

Tool surface to do a good job of cleaning, improve its finish The reasonable use of coolant can promote tool life and ultimately reduce processing costs by cleaning the tool surface effectively and improving its finish.

Impact on machining quality

CNC machining quality will be affected by the choice of CNC tools, choose the right tool, can contribute to the processing of surface quality improvement, but also to avoid the emergence of burrs, cracks and other processing defects.

Tool wear is too serious, will reduce the quality of CNC machining, and timely inspection and replacement of tools with serious wear.

Determine the CNC tool cutting parameters, including cutting speed, feed rate, etc., to ensure machining quality.

CNC machining should be combined with the workpiece material, processing requirements, etc., and the various types of tools to choose. For example, if part of the material hardness is very high, you need to choose a tool with good wear resistance and high hardness.

Part of the material toughness is good. We need to consider the sharpness of good, fast cutting-speed tools. At the same time, the selection of tools should also focus on the shape and size of the workpiece, and so on.

The tool must be regularly inspected and replaced if it shows serious wear and tear to avoid impacting processing quality and to prevent the occurrence of safety accidents.

In addition, the size and geometric parameters of the CNC tool greatly impact machining accuracy and surface quality.

When selecting CNC tools, we also need to consider the machining workpiece size, precision, and other requirements to ensure the selection of the appropriate tool size and geometric parameters.

We also need to consider the tool’s radial and axial runout and other parameters to significantly improve CNC machining accuracy.

Impact on processing safety

CNC tool selection also affects the safety of CNC machining, processing links if the tool selection is unreasonable, will cause excessive cutting force, cutting temperature is too high, and ultimately bring safety accidents.

When selecting CNC tools, full consideration should be given to their safety performance, such as impact and abrasion resistance.

At the same time, a reasonable choice of tool cutting parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, etc., is also conducive to reducing the safety risk during processing.

In the selection of CNC tools, impact resistance should be considered. As the CNC machine tool in the machining process will produce large vibrations and impacts, the tool is required to have a high impact resistance. In addition, the tool’s wear resistance should be considered.

In the high-speed cutting process, the tool will be subject to greater wear, so it is required to have good wear resistance. Coating technology can ensure that the tool has wear resistance and corrosion resistance to enhance the tool life and ensure the safety of the CNC machining process.

Common coatings include TiN, TiAlN, TiCN, etc., in selecting tools, mainly from the processing conditions and requirements, to ensure the scientific and reasonable selection of tool materials and coatings.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the main advantages of CNC machining technology include high precision, high efficiency, and a high degree of automation, which is an important pillar of the modern manufacturing industry.

When carrying out CNC machining, tool selection greatly impacts machining quality and efficiency.

There are many types of CNC tools, including drills, milling cutters, and turning tools. The different types of tools also greatly differ in performance and scope of application.

When selecting CNC tools, we must fully consider the workpiece material, processing requirements, cutting parameters, suitable tools, and other factors.

The impact of different tool selection on CNC machining process is mainly reflected in the machining accuracy, surface quality, cutting force and other aspects.

Through reasonable selection of tools, one can effectively improve the processing quality and efficiency, and reduce production costs.